References

Type-1 Interferon References

1. ^{Baechler E, et al., Interferon-inducible gene expression signature in peripheral blood cells of patients with severe lupus., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., pp. Mar 4;100(5):2610-5. Epub 2003 Feb 25., (2003)}
2. ^{Kirou KA, et al., Activation of the Interferon-α Pathway Identifies a Subgroup of Systemic Lupus Erythematous Patients with Distinct Serologic Features and Active Disease, Arthritis Rheum 52:1491–503 (2005)}
3. ^{Arriens C, et al., Increased Risk of Progression to Lupus Nephritis for Lupus Patients with Elevated Interferon Signature, Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019; 71 (suppl 10).}
4. ^{Andreoli L, et al., EULAR Recommendations for women’s health and the management of family planning, assisted reproduction, pregnancy, and menopause in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and/or antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 76:476-485 (2017)}
5. ^{Morand E, et al., Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) attainment discriminates responders in a systemic lupus erythematosus trial: post-hoc analysis of the Phase IIB MUSE trial of anifrolumab. Ann Rheum Dis 77:706-713 (2018)}
6. ^{Jones-Leone A, et al., Efficacy Analysis of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus treated with Belimumab or Placebo plus standard therapy in phase 3 trials by baseline levels of BLyS mRNA and Type 1 Interferon inducive gene signature status. Arthritis Rheumatol. 71 (suppl 10) (2019).}
7. ^{Oon S, et al., Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) discriminates responders in the BLISS-52 and BLISS-76 phase III trials of belimumab in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 78:629-633. (2019)}
8. ^{Mai L, Asaduzzaman A, Noamani B, et al., The baseline interferon signature predicts disease severity over the subsequent 5 years in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther. 2021;23(1):29. Published 2021 Jan 16. doi:10.1186/s13075-021-02414-0}
9. ^{Ko WC, Li L, Young TR, et al., Gene Expression Profiling in the Skin Reveals Strong Similarities between Subacute and Chronic Cutaneous Lupus that Are Distinct from Lupus Nephritis. J Invest Dermatol. 2021;141(12):2808-2819. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.030}
10. ^{Clowse MEB, et al., A national Study of Complications of Lupus in Pregnancy, Am. J. Obstet Gynecol, 199(2):127.e1-127e6 (2008)}
11. ^{Casey KA, Smith MA, Sinibaldi D, et al., Modulation of Cardiometabolic Disease Markers by Type-1 Interferon Inhibition in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021;73(3):459-471. doi:10.1002/art.41518}
12. ^{Franklyn K, et al., Definition and Initial validation of a Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS), Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:1615-1621. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207726}
13. ^{Baccala R, et al., TLR-dependent and TLR-independent pathways of type I interferon induction in systemic autoimmunity. Nat Med. 2007 May;13(5):543-51. doi: 10.1038/nm1590.}
14. ^{Crow MK, Type-1 Interferon in the Pathogenesis of Lupus, The Journal of Immunology. 192(12); 5459-5468 (2014)}
15. ^{Feng X, et al., Association of increased interferon-inducible gene expression with disease activity and lupus nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus., Arthritis Rheum., pp. Sep;54(9):2951-62., (2006)}
16. ^{Lauwerys BR, et al., Type 1 interferon blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: where do we stand?, Rheumatology, 53:1369-1376 (2014)}
17. ^{AstraZeneca Press Release 08-29-19, Anifrolumab Phase III trial meets primary endpoint in systemic lupus erythematous:
    https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2019/anifrolumab-phase-iii-trial-meets-primary-endpoint-in-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-29082019.html}

Neutralizing Antibody

1. ^{Khoury DS, Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, Nat Med (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591- 021-01377-8} 
2. ^{Feng S, et al., Correlates of protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection, medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.21.2125828 ; this version posted June 24, 2021}
3. ^{Zimmermann P, Curtis N, Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. April 2019 Volume 32 Issue 2. 1-50. https://cmr.asm.org/content/32/2/e00084-18}
4. ^{Achiron A, et al., Humoral immune response to COVID_19 mRNA vaccine in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies, Ther Adv Neurol Disord 14:1-8 2021, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17562864211012835}
5. ^{Deepak D, et al., Glucocortoids and B Cell Depleting Agents Substantially Impair Immunogenicity of mRNA Vaccines to SARS-CoV-2, medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.05.21254656; version posted April 7, 2021}
6. ^{Widge AT, et al., Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:80-82, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2032195} 
7. ^{CDC Myths and Facts about COVID-19 vaccines. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.htm}

COVID-19

1. ^{IDSA Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19: Molecular Diagnostic Testing. Infectious Disease Society of America. V 2.0.0, released December 23, 2020.}